hartman



BESTAVAILABLE CG? F. O. HARTMAN.

CIRCUIT CONTROLLING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-I9, I918- }AQLLAOQ I Patented Aug. 1, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.,

FRANK O. HARTMAN N VEN T 05 jO/Q H115 ATTQRNE EEST AVAILAELEZ 6GP F. 0.HARTMAN.

CIRCUIT CONTROLLING MECHANISM,

APPLICATION FILED AUG.19, IbIs.

1,424,402, Patented Aug. 1, 1922.

Fl 8 F2 9 F RANK -0. HARTMAN I N VEN 1' 0R closing 0 e bel. lever 2 in land 5, where a. shoulder 24- on the plunger the up" In the embodiinei'itshown, the shoulder 24 consists of a collar fastened on theplun'gerby an suitablenieans suc h as aheyQS The plunger equipped with pushbiitto n' 26.

plunger'is' depressed. I

p The means which transmit the motion of the'plnhge'rjtb thespring l8andcairses the i i fth e'switch may wellconsis't of 4 v iaroyided "withthree egmsznsspm 29; eans is proi 'ided on rheplimger for rocking thebell crank'lerer to cause the closing of the switch, which herecoiisists tif a shoulder 30. Means also WhlCll engaged by the hand whenthe provided on the plunger for rockin the bel I crank lever to causethe opening ot the switch, and a reem nts of 'a catch 31 formed upon anextension 32 of thepluiiger. The bell granlrleyer is providedwith aslot, 33, illustrated in'Figs. (3 and 7, in wl iich the stiernoperat'e's. B le-ans are pro fided 'lor nihinthiningthebell crank lcrerin the positioiito which it is rocked, and inwliich it is illustrated inFigsill and 1, until the catch 31 1 uoi'es :the bell crank lever fromthis position. Such inea'ns'ronsists, in the'cmboiliinent shown, of sucharrangement ot the lei-"er 2lnnd the sprin 1S thatthe arm 28 of thelever 21 is on or beyond the dead center line, with respect to springis. when in the position shown in Figs -2-l and -l. V

Asecond switch is shown at B. c nsisting of a. pair of contacts 0 andi1. onev of which may be stationary and the other of which preferably ismounted upon, or is a part of, a spring42 connected at one end bysuitable means 43 to the frame. -lhe switch B is iulapted to becontrolled both by the main plunger 11 and by a second or auxiliarplunger 12, which is adapted to slide in the guides 10 and 1d. Theplunger 12. is. equipped with a roller 4,4 for engaging ilu spring 42.and causing the. same to close.

.- the switch B; Means is provided and ln-re consists of a shoulder 45,upon the spring 42. tor maintaining the plunger 12 in the position shownin Fig. 3, to which it has rheen rnoved by the operation 0? the .mainplunger 11, after said Ina-in plunger has been returned to normalposition. as illustrated in Fig. 5. I

At- ,C is shown the end of the core of the magnet, illustrated more.particularly in Figs- 8 and 10 of the drawing. All-5D is shown meansincluding a screw (Z through which a cover is connected to the apparatusilhistiated. w

Referring now to Figs. 6 and-{Lit will be seen that the bell crank leveris formed out of a punching, and that each of the arms 27 and 29provided with ,a pan ming surface illustrated at 27 and '29; i espectiv'ely. l ll'es'e surfaces engage shoulders upon the plungersfacilitating the operation of the plungers and switches through thelever. The lever is provided with anope-ning 50 through which it ispivoted to the frame by suitable means, such as-a screw 51.

The arm 28 is forked, thusfconsisting of two parts 28" and28,-between"whicht he roller 35 is mounted.

The operation of "the'deviceis'as follows: The plunger 11 isdepressetllby engaging the push button 26'with-som'eisuita ble-means asthe hand. 'Duringthefiit ear-t er the movement, the spring 22 isdepressed and the bell crank lei'er is rocked, -*the" rollei-35 mountingupon the ridge '34 and depressing the spring 18 unru'theswicelrAisclosed. The resultsof this operation are indicated in Fig. 2 where"the plunger ll'isin inter mediate (lest-endingposition. The end or the1mm 29 has engaged-the bottom of the plunger 12 and is readycauseth'ee'lev'ation of the same. A

During the next part of the operation, the

results or which are represented in Fig. '3.

the plunger 11 is forced'to'way-down position, the bell cranklev'e'rcaiising tlie'elevation of the. plunger 12 to 'the position indicated inFig. 3, wherethe switc'l1"'l3 is closed. The lever 21 is rocked untilthe roller 35 is'in such position 'thatthedorcc of the spring is in "aline-which"pass'es through the axis upon which the'lci'er rocks. or haspassed this direction. 'In other words. the lever is on or beyond thedead center liue. hen the parts in the embodiment shown are so arranged,the lever 21cannot IOi'h' further in a counter-clockwise direction onaccount of the plunger 12, whose lower end now engages the arm 29 oflever 21, and which plunger is in its farthest upward position. Ashoulder '24" on plunger 12 has engaged the lip 10 and limited theupward movement of the plunger. The lever 21 cannot (when in theposition illustrated in Fig. be rocked to the left or clockwise.onaccount of the action of the spring 18. previously described. until ithas beeirpiilled baclr'pashthe dead center by catch 31 on theplunger 11.

30th. of the switches "A"a'iid"B are now closed and remain closed, aslong"as;tthe plunger 11 is' ,he' ld yvhen it is desired that t'liesi'vitch A shall "be' opened. the plunger 11 is released. and impelledby the spring 22Qrises tothe' position of the the parts indicated inFig. 4. During this movement no change takes place with respect tov theswitches Aand B. However, when the plunger 11 reaches the intermediateascending position indicated .in Fig. 4, thecatch 31 engages the arm 27of thebell crank lever with suiiicient force to cause the lever 21 torock ,tothe left sulficiently to pull roller over the dead center, whenthe spring 18 willirise quickly, inovingthe bell crank lever to theposition illustratedinFigfi with arm 27 of the lever 21 againstshoulder. 30 of the plunger 11, and causing the sudden opening of theswitch A v With thisarrangement a sudden opening of the switch -isassured, since it cannotbe opened in {any other manner than asdescribed,thereby, reducing to a minimum s Q the danger of arcing,.and.-especiallyof prolonged arcing and, the fefiects thereof.

,-; If, when the parts are positionedasin F ig.v 3, the pre$ureupontheplunger vacillates, or for. any other. reason the plunger isallowed tofluctuate through moderate ranges of movement,.theswitch willbe unafi'ected thereby, since the switch contacts and the lever 21 willremainasshowninfig. 3,1even though the plungenllis rnoved up and downthrough a range representedbythe distance between the.catch 31. andthelower .face of .arm:27 oile'ver-2l. Of; course, this distance may bevaried and predetermined to suit particular conditions of use. Though ofgeneral utility, devices so operating are of especial use wherejoperated'by women; children; and inexperienced persons, as devicesrequiring uniform pressure by the operator may vacillate, therebyopening and closing in final position, the switch A being opened by. thespring 18 when the bell crank lever was moved to the left, and theswitch B remaining closed since the plun gel 12 is retained in elevatedposition by the shoulder 45 upon the spring 42. When it'is desired toopen the switch B, the plunger 12 is depressed independently of plunger11 to the position indicated in Fig.

1. Assuming, for example, that the circuit controlling apparatusillustratedin Figs. 1 to 5 is used inthe circuit illustrated in Fig. ll,and that the' switch ii is in the circuit of the starting motor and theswitch 13 in theignition. circuit of the engine-if the parts are asillustrated in Fig. 1, and it is desired to start the engine. thedepression of the plunger 11 not only closes the switch of the motor M,but also closes the switch B in the ignition circuit. After the motorhas started the engine, the plunger ll is released and the switch in thecircuit of the motor suddenlyopened in the manner described, but theignition circuit of the engine remained closed at B until it is desiredto stop theengine, which may be .eflected depressing the plunger 12.This makes it unnecessary for the operator toperform two operations ascommon practice now, so far asl am a are. Oi course, the action oftheswitch 12fn ay be reversed, being open when the plunger 12 is elevatedand closed when depressed. withoutdcparting from the spirit of myinvention. The desired action of this switch may depend upon thecharacter of the source oi power for ignition.

,1, Referring now to Figs. 8, 9 and 10, at GO'i's shown anelectromagnetic winding which, .in the embodiment shown, consists of twowindings G1 and ('32, which are formed about a sleeve 63 within which isthe magnet core e .The magnet is mounted in the frame 6 and anelectromagnetic switch is shown at P and consists of the contacts 65 and66. The contact 65 is preferably stationary. and inthe embodiment shown,consists of a bar extending across 1 the end of the structure. Thecontact 66 is movable and mounted upon, or is a part of, a spring plate67, which is tensioned to cause it normally to rest against insulationmaterial 68, and apart from the contact 65, thereby maintaining theswitch l open. The contact: 66, as here shown, consists oi a pluralityoi contact lingers formed by a number of slits '70 being cut in thespring plate 67, thereby forming a plurality of tongues 71, the endoleach of which is turned over, as illustrated at (39. The spring plate 67is double-backed .in the embodiment shown, as illustrated at 72. to givethe same the proper resiliency and the portion 73 thereof extending atri ht angles to the main portion is fastened to the frame under theinagnetin any suitable manner. as by screws 74:.

Means are provided for causing the closing of the switch P, hereconsisting of a plunger 75, which projects through a bore 76 in the coreof the electromagnet. This plunger is provided with a head 77, whichengages the spring plate 67 and when the magnet is energized causes theclosingof the same.

The core consists of two parts 78 and-.79.

which areadjustablewit-h respect-to each other. The part was fastened inthe frame plate 6 in any suitable manner, suchas by lips 80 on the .part79, and Whichare turned outward to engage the sidesnt an opening I,

81 in the end plate 6. The portion 78 of duced by'the series coil.

r -i Btoi Ai/AFLABLE the core, however, movable, and means areprovidedfor adjusting one or" the core partswith respect :to-the other. In theemhodnncnt shown, the end of the plunger 7 5 is slotted, as shown at 9.0and threaded exteriorly, as shown at 91. A portion'78 of the core isprovided with threads on the interior thereot to, co-operate with thethreads .91, so that when the plunger is rotated, the-portion 178 ofthecore will travel along the sa ine.

Means are provided for locking the portion "I 8 of the core with respectto the plunger after suitable adjustment, here consisting of akey 100which extends through the slot 9Q, vand through a' tr ansverse opening101 in the corepart 78. in the embodiment shown the ends oflthe hey arefolded over, shown ,at 1Q2,int o\thefslot 90. hen it is d si dfie modifyhe @fies of t e electromagnet upontlre'switclnprto change theforcerexercisedhy magnet to operate the switch, the key lQQ is removed.and the plunger is rotated inany shit-able ,manner,'suclrasby a' screwdriver inserted into the end of the slot 90,,and the core portion 78iscaued to travel 'alongthe plunger". 5 until the desiredadju'stment issecured.

When current issent through. either coil of the1n1agnet',.theplungerwliichis attached to core pa r "78 will move to the right, asshown in Fig. and zengagethe plate (37 and cause 'the contact '66 ,toengage the contact .65 and thereby "c'lose the switch.

"The operation bf the electromagnetic switch P is as followsfYVlien theengine has been started ,aridh'ilicieht speed 'derelop'ed' tofcausetlie' voltage or the motor M, actingas"a' generator, to rise,sutiicient current passes through the shunt coil 62 to move the plunger'and close'the switch. This causes current topass from the generatorthroughthe. series winding (52 of the switch ,?,,thi',ou gh thefswitchcontacts, to the storage"batter'y lights, etc, and then bacli tothebther terminal of the generator. The magnetism produced by the serieswinding 62 ,aids that or the shunt coil 61, and the switch is maintainedin' closed position by strong pressuref However, should the speed of theengine drop to a point where the roltage of the generator would be belowthat of the battery, a reverse current would iiow from the *battery tothe generator, which would revers'etlie' polarity of the iield pro-The'two coils would,' t he1'ei'ore, be acting in opposition and themagnetism would be'reduced to such a value that the spring of the switchwould automatically open'the 'contacts, thus preventing the discharge ofbattery current into the generator through theswitch P.

I'have' illustrated this particular embodiment of my invention and thedetails there- 65 f of for the purpose of describing my invenlessee? .51will hev apparent that my invenls ilbt iilil l'ifltl t" uch"embodimentand s h details, but that'nianydepartures may be nade therefrom withoutdeparting from the spirit-of the invention.

1 combinationi a pair of switches, contact springs therefor, switchoperating buttons, a caznming element adapted to be adranted against aresilient' contact spring ol' one of said switches to 'causejit toengage second contact thereof, means to cause a closure of'the contactsof the other :witClr, {one of said buttons'a'dapted whendepressed-"130advance said element, and to operaticsaid'btliei" switchcontact closing m ans, whereby botlrswitche's are adapted close theircontacts by,thedepressing of oneof said buttons, said" resilient ontactspring beingso formed-asto accelerate the rate off"r'eti1rn"increment orsaid camming elementiwhile'the contact operated by it is heingbrolten,"beyond the-*rate of return movement "of the depressed buttonwhen released, said other; said switch contacts bein adapted to remainin contactclosing pos'itionafterthe'said depressed button is restored:tofnoifi nal'position. '2. In combination, a pair of switches, contactsprings therefor, a pair otswitch operating but tons, 'a caminingelement adapted to be advanced against a' i resilient contact springoffone of said switches to cause it to engage a second contactthereot,means to closetlieir contacts'bv the dc ressin of one of said buttons,isaid resilient contact spr ng being so formed as co-accelerate thereturn movement of said camming element when said (ramming elementISGOlt-BHSHCi from switch contact closing position, to move it at a'greaterrate-while the contacts operated by it are being broken, thanthe rate 0i'.1'e-

turn movementof the depressed button when released, said other saidswitch contacts being adapted to remain in contact closing positionafter the said depressed button is restored to'normal position, saidother button being subsequently manually operable to restore said otherswitch contacts to opened contact position.

"3. A switching mechanismcomprising a 'iraine, a pair of switches on theframe, contact springs therefor. a pair of reciprocable switch-operatingrods gournalled thereon,

said rods being parallel and" close to each other, push buttons on' theupper-ends of the said rods, a switchoperating-cam, said cam beingadapted to be advanced against an inclined portionot-a contact spring-oione of the said switches, to deflect the said spring to cause it toengage a second contact of the said switch when one of the said rods isad vanced by depressing the push button on its upper end, said cam beingthereby advanced to switch closing position wherein it engages a lessinclined portion of the said spring, a restoring spring to restore thesaid depressed rod to normal position when the pressure on the button isrelieved, means, operative when the said rod is advanced to cause theclosure of the contacts of the second switch, said second switchcontacts being-adapted to remain closed when the said rod is restored tonormal position, said last named contacts being adapted to be restoredby reciprocating the other rod by manipulating the button thereon, saidcontact spring be ing adapted to accelerate the return movement of thesaid cam to normal position, after an initial impulse given the said camby the returning first rod, beyond the rate of eturn of the first rod.

4. In combination, a switch mechanism comprising a. plunger, a pair ofnormally open contacts therefor, a spring carrying one of said contacts,camming means interposed between the said spring and the said plunger, ashoulder on the plunger adapted to engage the said camming means upon aforward movement of the plunger, said camming means thereupon engagingan inclined portion of said spring to cam the said spring carryingcontact against the other contact. said camming means being therebymoved to a contact closing position where it engages a less inclinedportion of the said spring, such position being substantially a deadcenter camming position, a second shoulder on the plunger and spacedtherefrom adapted to engage the said camming means after a certainreturn movement of the plunger, whereby said camming means is given aninitial impulse to cause it to move trom said dead center position to aposition on said inclined spring portion,said spring thereafteraccelerating the return movement of the said camming means to cause itto move at a speed rate greater than the speed rate of return of thesaid plunger to cause a quick breaking of the contacts, a second switchfor the said mechanism, and

at AVAHJXELE 1,424, i02

plunger operated means to cause said second switch to operate itscontact when the said plunger is advanced to switch contact closingposition, and separate manually operand restoring means or the saidsecond switch contact.

5. In combination a switch mechanism comprising a reciprocable plunger,a contact operating spring, a pair of contacts adapted to be moved upona forward movement of the said spring, an intermediate element adaptedto transmit motion from the said plunger to the said spring, saidintermediate element being adapted to cam said spring against the springpower thereof when the plunger is advanced until said contacts areclosed, said intermediate element then occupying a substantially deadcenter position wherein the spring is inoperative to restore it, a lostmotion connection between the said plunger and said intermediate elementwhereby said plunger is adapted to give said intermediate element aninitial restoring imuplse only after said plunger has been moved towardsnormal position a predetermined amount, whereby said intermediateelement is moved to a position where its motion is accelerated by thepower of the said spring to cause it to turn towards normal position ata rate in excess of the rate of movement of the restoring plunger, saidcontacts being adapted to be broken during such accelerated rate ofmovement, a second switch for the said mechanism, contacts therefor andmeans to operate the said second switch contacts when the said plungeris advanced to first switch contact closing position, and separaterestoring means for the said second switch contacts.

6. In combination, a first switch, a second switch, common means foroperating both said switches, separate restoring means for each of. saidswitches, one of the said restoring means being under the control ofsaid common switch operating means, and means associated with said lastnamed switch restoring means adapted to accelerate the rate at which itsassociated switch is restored.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name this 5th day ofAugust, 1918.

FRANK O. HARTMAN.

